Eloquent area
- 19 synonyms of eloquent from the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, plus 59 related words, definitions, and antonyms. Find another word for eloquent. Eloquent: able to express oneself clearly and well.
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- An eloquent exception is a painting by Sina Ata, an American-born Iraqi who lives in Jordan. IN THE GALLERIES: MIDDLE EAST ARTISTS EXAMINE SHELTERING IN PLACE AMID PANDEMIC MARK JENKINS JANUARY 15, 2021 WASHINGTON POST.
Since 'eloquent' can have to do with speaking, it makes sense that it comes from the Latin verb loqui, which means 'to speak.' 'Loqui' is the parent of many 'talkative' offspring in English. 'Loquacious,' which means 'given to fluent or excessive talk,' also arose from 'loqui.'
Name for areas of cortex that—if removed—will result in loss of sensory processing or linguistic ability, minor paralysis, or paralysis.
see pyramidal tract, optic radiation and arcuate fasciculus
The most common areas of eloquent cortex are in the left temporal lobe and frontal lobes for speech and language, bilateral occipital lobes for vision, bilateral parietal lobes for sensation, and bilateral motor cortex for movement.
To avoid permanent neurologic deficits and preserve brain function in and near the eloquent area, intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping (IESM) is necessary.
Classification
Eloquent locations in the Sawaya study are the motor/sensory cortices, visual center, speech center, internal capsule, basal ganglia, hypothalamus/thalamus, brainstem, and dentate nucleus
Grade I lesions are located in noneloquent brain
Grade II lesions in near-eloquent brain
Grade III lesions in eloquent brain1).
see Friedlein grading
see Sawaya grading
Identification
The integration of anatomical and functional studies allows a safe functional resection of the brain tumors located in eloquent areas. Multimodal navigation allows integration and correlation among preoperative and intraoperative anatomical and functional data. Cortical motor functional areas are anatomically and functionally located preoperatively thanks to MR and functional magnetic resonance imaging and subcortical motor pathways with DT imaging and tractography. Intraoperative confirmation is done with CS and N20 inversion wave for cortical structures and with sCS for subcortical pathways2).
Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, or magnetoencephalography are especially useful non-invasive tools to locate eloquent cortex.
Imaging techniques such as functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking, and neurophysiological methods like navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetoencephalography, make it possible to identify eloquent areas prior to resective surgery and to tailor indication and surgical approach but also to assess the surgical risk. Intraoperative monitoring with direct cortical stimulation and subcortical stimulation enables surgeons to preserve essential functional tissue during surgery. Through tailored pre- and intraoperative mapping and monitoring the EOR can be maximized, with reduced rates of surgery-related deficits.
Electrocorticography
Much higher spatial and temporal resolution maps of cortical activity can be achieved with a technique called electrocorticography, however this requires placement of subdural electrodes on the surface of the brain and this must be done during surgery.
Since functional magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative neurophysiological mapping are not available in all neurosurgical departments
Eloquent tumor location proved as significant risk factors for encountering a therapy associated complication. Not extensive surgery or tumor size but surgery at eloquent locations impacts complication occurrence the strongest with a 2 fold increased complication occurrence risk3).
Several studies claimed that surgery in eloquent areas is possible without causing severe cognitive decline. However, this conclusion was relatively ungrounded due to the lack of extensive neuropsychological testing in homogenous patient groups.
1)- Serializing Models & Collections
Introduction
When building APIs using Laravel, you will often need to convert your models and relationships to arrays or JSON. Eloquent includes convenient methods for making these conversions, as well as controlling which attributes are included in the serialized representation of your models.
{tip} For an even more robust way of handling Eloquent model and collection JSON serialization, check out the documentation on Eloquent API resources.
Serializing Models & Collections
Serializing To Arrays
To convert a model and its loaded relationships to an array, you should use the toArray
method. This method is recursive, so all attributes and all relations (including the relations of relations) will be converted to arrays:
The attributesToArray
method may be used to convert a model's attributes to an array but not its relationships:
You may also convert entire collections of models to arrays by calling the toArray
method on the collection instance:
Serializing To JSON
To convert a model to JSON, you should use the toJson
method. Like toArray
, the toJson
method is recursive, so all attributes and relations will be converted to JSON. You may also specify any JSON encoding options that are supported by PHP:
Alternatively, you may cast a model or collection to a string, which will automatically call the toJson
method on the model or collection:
Since models and collections are converted to JSON when cast to a string, you can return Eloquent objects directly from your application's routes or controllers. Laravel will automatically serialize your Eloquent models and collections to JSON when they are returned from routes or controllers:
Relationships
When an Eloquent model is converted to JSON, its loaded relationships will automatically be included as attributes on the JSON object. Also, though Eloquent relationship methods are defined using 'camel case' method names, a relationship's JSON attribute will be 'snake case'.
Hiding Attributes From JSON
Sometimes you may wish to limit the attributes, such as passwords, that are included in your model's array or JSON representation. To do so, add a $hidden
property to your model. In attributes that are listed in the $hidden
property's array will not be included in the serialized representation of your model:
{tip} To hide relationships, add the relationship's method name to your Eloquent model's $hidden
property.
Alternatively, you may use the visible
property to define an 'allow list' of attributes that should be included in your model's array and JSON representation. All attributes that are not present in the $visible
array will be hidden when the model is converted to an array or JSON:
Temporarily Modifying Attribute Visibility
Eloquent Javascript Pdf
If you would like to make some typically hidden attributes visible on a given model instance, you may use the makeVisible
method. The makeVisible
method returns the model instance:
Likewise, if you would like to hide some attributes that are typically visible, you may use the makeHidden
method.
Appending Values To JSON
Occasionally, when converting models to arrays or JSON, you may wish to add attributes that do not have a corresponding column in your database. To do so, first define an accessor for the value:
After creating the accessor, add the attribute name to the appends
property of your model. Note that attribute names are typically referenced using their 'snake case' serialized representation, even though the accessor's PHP method is defined using 'camel case':
Once the attribute has been added to the appends
list, it will be included in both the model's array and JSON representations. Attributes in the appends
array will also respect the visible
and hidden
settings configured on the model.
Appending At Run Time
At runtime, you may instruct a model instance to append additional attributes using the append
method. Or, you may use the setAppends
method to override the entire array of appended properties for a given model instance:
Date Serialization
Eloquent Synonym
Customizing The Default Date Format
Eloquent Deutsch
You may customize the default serialization format by overriding the serializeDate
method. This method does not affect how your dates are formatted for storage in the database:
Eloquent Bedding
Customizing The Date Format Per Attribute
Eloquent Rage
You may customize the serialization format of individual Eloquent date attributes by specifying the date format in the model's cast declarations: